In this talk, Lina Pohl will explore how space has become a central domain for European security and defence. Satellites for communication, navigation, and Earth observation are indispensable for both civilian life and military operations, yet they are increasingly exposed to threats such as jamming, cyberattacks, and counterspace capabilities. The talk will examine how the European Union, ESA, NATO, and individual member states are responding, from the EU Space Strategy for Security and Defence to national efforts to build up military space capabilities. We will discuss the tension between Europe’s traditionally civilian approach to space and the growing need for deterrence and resilience, and ask what it will take for Europe to protect its assets in orbit and act as a credible security actor in space.