Further readings & links

Further readings

Methodological issues in pragmatics:

Bardovi-Harlig, K./Hartford, B.S. (1993b), Refining the DCT: Comparing open questionnaires and dialogue completion tests. In: Bouton, L.F./Kachru, Y. (eds.) (1993), Pragmatics and language learning, vol. 4. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Division of English as an International Language: 143-65.

Barron, A. (2000), For a return to the forgotten formula: 'Data 1 + Data 2 > Data 1': The example of learners' offers and refusals of offers. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Linguistik (ZfAL) 33, 45-68.

Beebe, L.M./Cummings, M.C. (1996), Natural speech act data versus written questionnaire data: How data collection method affects speech act performance. In: Gass, S.M./Neu, J. (eds.) (1996), Speech acts across cultures: Challenges to communication in a second language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 65-86.

Billmyer, K./Varghese, M. (2000), Investigating instrument-based pragmatic variability: Effects of enhancing discourse completion tests. Applied Linguistics 21, 4, 517-52.

Bonikowska, M.P. (1988), The choice of opting out. Applied Linguistics 9, 2, 169-81.

Börsch, S. (1986), Introspective methods in research on interlingual and intercultural communication. In: House, J./Blum-Kulka, S. (eds.) (1986), Interlingual and intercultural communication: Discourse and cognition in translation and second language acquisition studies. Tübingen: Narr: 195-209.

Gass, S.M./Mackey, A. (2000), Stimulated Recall Methodology in Second Language Research. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Grotjahn, R. (1987), On the methodological basis of introspective methods. In: Faerch, C./Kasper, G. (eds.) (1987), Introspection in second language research. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.: 54-81.

Grotjahn, R./Kasper, G. (1991), Methods in second language research: Introduction. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 13, 2, 109-12.

Hinkel, E. (1997), Appropriateness of advice: DCT and multiple choice data. Applied Linguistics 18, 1, 1-26.

Jääskeläinen, R. (1998), Think-aloud protocols. In: Baker, M. (ed.)/Malmkjaer, K. (co-ed.) (1998), Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies. London/NY: Routledge: 265-69.

Johnston, B./Kasper, G./Ross, S. (1998), Effect of rejoinders in production questionnaires. Applied Linguistics 19, 2, 157-82.

Kasper, G. (1998), Datenerhebungsverfahren in der Lernersprachenpragmatik. Zeitschrift für Fremdsprachenforschung 9, 1, 85-118.

Kasper, G. (2000), Data collection in pragmatics research. In: Spencer-Oatey, H. (ed.) (2000), Culturally speaking: Managing rapport through talk across cultures. London/NY: Continuum: 316-41.

Kasper, G./Dahl, M. (1991), Research methods in interlanguage pragmatics. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 13, 2, 215-47.

Rintell, E./Mitchell, C.J. (1989), Studying requests and apologies: An inquiry into method. In: Blum-Kulka, S./House, J./Kasper, G. (eds.) (1989), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex: 248-72.

Robinson, M.A. (1992), Introspective methodology in interlanguage pragmatics research. In: Kasper, G. (ed.) (1992), Pragmatics of Japanese as native and target language. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center: 27-82.

Rose, K.R. (1992), Speech acts and questionnaires: The effect of hearer response. Journal of Pragmatics 17, 1, 49-62.

Rose, K.R./Ono, R. (1995), Eliciting speech act data in Japanese: The effect of questionnaire type. Language Learning 45, 2, 191-223.

Sasaki, M. (1998), Investigating EFL students' production of speech acts: A comparison of production questionnaires and role plays. Journal of Pragmatics 30, 4, 457-84.

Turnbull, W. (2001), An appraisal of pragmatic elicitation techniques for the social psychological study of talk: The case of request refusals. Pragmatics 11, 1, 31-61.

Yuan, Y. (2001), An inquiry into empirical pragmatics data-gathering methods: Written DCTs, oral DCTs, field notes, and natural conversations. Journal of Pragmatics 33, 2, 271-92.

Free on-line corpora/ free-online trials

• British National Corpus (BNC), Simple search, free access
• IDS Korpus (Institut für deutsche Sprache), free access
• negr@ corpus, designed by the computer linguistic department of the University of Saarbrücken, corpus of German newspaper texts, free access
• Collins Cobuild, free demonstration

 

 
 

Calculators

• Standard deviation calculator
• Mean and standard deviation calculator

 

 

Terminology links

• The Linguistics Definitions Page maintained by Kickapoo High School in Springfield, Missouri
• Lexicon of Linguistics of the Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University
• Language Lexicon

 

 
 

General linguistic questions

Why not turn to the Ask-A-Linguist service run by the Linguist List?
 

Pragmatics overview
Need to brush up on the basics in pragmatics? Have a look at school-goers' guide to Pragmatics.